So, pretty much any self-respecting Middle-Eastern city has a souq. The word "souq" means market (more or less), and depending on the size of the city, the souq might be the main location for shopping. Souqs are comprised of a group of stalls or nooks that may or may not sell the exact same things as the shop next to them. Some souqs specialize in fresh seafood (often called the Fish Souq), small livestock (~the Goat Souq), gold (surprisingly called the Gold Souq), and some sell a little bit of everything except what you want at the moment. For instance, at a souq you can buy: a 50 kg sack of basmati rice, white patent leather sandals, enough incense to fog out your Western neighbors even though both your door and their's are closed and all of their windows are open and fans are on, or even a couple of short-handled shovels to dig a 1995 Jeep Wrangler out of the desert.
If none of this seems to help, you've probably seen a souq in an adventure movie, such as Indiana Jones. Though there are rarely crazed men running around with scimitars, you can manage to see a quality slap-fight between two grown men, but proper souq-etiquette requires that you go around the corner before you burst out in laughter. If none of that helps, here are a few pictures from the souq in Muscat.
